Oracle诊断案例3-Spfile案例

发表于:2007-05-25来源:作者:点击数: 标签:oracle3-Spfile诊断情况案例
情况说明: 系统:SUN Solaris8 数据库版本:9203 问题描述:工程人员报告,数据库在重新启动时无法正常启动.检查发现UNDO表空间丢失. 问题诊断及解决过程如下: 1. 登陆系统检查alert.log文件 检查alert.log文件是通常是我们诊断数据库问题的第一步 SunOS 5.8

  情况说明:
  系统:SUN Solaris8
  数据库版本:9203
  问题描述:工程人员报告,数据库在重新启动时无法正常启动.检查发现UNDO表空间丢失.
  问题诊断及解决过程如下:
   
  1. 登陆系统检查alert.log文件
  检查alert.log文件是通常是我们诊断数据库问题的第一步
  
  SunOS 5.8
  
  login: root
  Password:
  Last login: Thu Apr 1 11:39:16 from 10.123.7.162
  Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.8 Generic Patch October 2001
  You have new mail.
  # su - oracle
  bash-2.03$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/*/bdump
  bash-2.03$ vi *.log
  
  "alert_gzhs.log" 7438 lines, 283262 characters
  Sat Feb 7 20:30:06 2004
  Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
  LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
  LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0
  SCN scheme 3
  Using log_archive_dest parameter default value
  LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
  SYS auditing is disabled
  Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 9.2.0.3.0.
  System parameters with non-default values:
  processes = 150
  timed_statistics = TRUE
  shared_pool_size = 1157627904
  large_pool_size = 16777216
  java_pool_size = 637534208
  control_files = /u01/oradata/gzhs/control01.ctl,
  /u02/oradata/gzhs/control02.ctl,
  /u03/oradata/gzhs/control03.ctl
  db_block_size = 8192
  db_cache_size = 2516582400
  compatible = 9.2.0.0.0
  log_archive_start = TRUE
  log_archive_dest_1 = LOCATION=/u06/oradata/gzhs/arch
  log_archive_format = %t_%s.dbf
  db_file_multiblock_read_count= 16
  fast_start_mttr_target = 300
  undo_management = AUTO
  undo_tablespace = UNDOTBS1
  undo_retention = 10800
  remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE
  db_domain =
  instance_name = gzhs
  dispatchers = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=gzhsXDB)
  job_queue_processes = 10
  hash_join_enabled = TRUE
  background_dump_dest = /oracle/admin/gzhs/bdump
  user_dump_dest = /oracle/admin/gzhs/udump
  core_dump_dest = /oracle/admin/gzhs/cdump
  sort_area_size = 524288
  db_name = gzhs
  open_cursors = 300
  star_transformation_enabled= FALSE
  query_rewrite_enabled = FALSE
  pga_aggregate_target = 838860800
  aq_tm_processes = 1
  PMON started with pid=2
  DBW0 started with pid=3
  LGWR started with pid=4
  CKPT started with pid=5
  SMON started with pid=6
  "alert_gzhs.log" 7438 lines, 283262 characters
  USER: terminating instance due to error 30012
  Instance terminated by USER, pid = 26433
  ORA-1092 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:08 2004
  Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
  LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
  LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0
  SCN scheme 3
  Using log_archive_dest parameter default value
  LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
  SYS auditing is disabled
  Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 9.2.0.3.0.
  System parameters with non-default values:
  processes = 150
  timed_statistics = TRUE
  shared_pool_size = 1157627904
  large_pool_size = 16777216
  java_pool_size = 637534208
  control_files = /u01/oradata/gzhs/control01.ctl, /u02/oradata/gzhs/control02.ctl, /u03/oradata/gzhs/control03.ctl
  db_block_size = 8192
  db_cache_size = 2516582400
  compatible = 9.2.0.0.0
  log_archive_start = TRUE
  log_archive_dest_1 = LOCATION=/u06/oradata/gzhs/arch
  log_archive_format = %t_%s.dbf
  db_file_multiblock_read_count= 16
  fast_start_mttr_target = 300
  undo_management = AUTO
  undo_tablespace = UNDOTBS1
  undo_retention = 10800
  remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE
  db_domain =
  instance_name = gzhs
  dispatchers = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=gzhsXDB)
  job_queue_processes = 10
  hash_join_enabled = TRUE
  background_dump_dest = /oracle/admin/gzhs/bdump
  user_dump_dest = /oracle/admin/gzhs/udump
  core_dump_dest = /oracle/admin/gzhs/cdump
  sort_area_size = 524288
  db_name = gzhs
  open_cursors = 300
  star_transformation_enabled= FALSE
  query_rewrite_enabled = FALSE
  pga_aggregate_target = 838860800
  aq_tm_processes = 1
  PMON started with pid=2
  DBW0 started with pid=3
  LGWR started with pid=4
  CKPT started with pid=5
  SMON started with pid=6
  RECO started with pid=7
  CJQ0 started with pid=8
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:13 2004
  starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
  QMN0 started with pid=9
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:13 2004
  starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for.network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
  ARCH: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
  ARC0 started with pid=12
  ARC0: Archival started
  ARC1 started with pid=13
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:13 2004
  ARCH: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:13 2004
  ARC0: Thread not mounted
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:13 2004
  ARC1: Archival started
  ARC1: Thread not mounted
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:14 2004
  ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:18 2004
  Suclearcase/" target="_blank" >ccessful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 1088380178.
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:18 2004
  Database mounted in Exclusive Mode.
  Completed: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:27 2004
  alter database open
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:27 2004
  Beginning crash recovery of 1 threads
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:27 2004
  Started first pass scan
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004
  Completed first pass scan
  1 redo blocks read, 0 data blocks need recovery
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004
  Started recovery at
  Thread 1: logseq 177, block 2, scn 0.33104793
  Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 3 Seq 177 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0 errs 0: /u01/oradata/gzhs/redo03.log
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004
  Completed redo application
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004
  Ended recovery at
  Thread 1: logseq 177, block 3, scn 0.33124794
  0 data blocks read, 0 data blocks written, 1 redo blocks read
  Crash recovery completed successfully
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004
  LGWR: Primary database is in CLUSTER CONSISTENT mode
  Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 178
  Thread 1 opened at log sequence 178
  Current log# 1 seq# 178 mem# 0: /u01/oradata/gzhs/redo01.log
  Successful open of redo thread 1.
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004
  ARC0: Evaluating archive log 3 thread 1 sequence 177
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004
  ARC0: Beginning to archive log 3 thread 1 sequence 177
  Creating archive destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1: '/u06/oradata/gzhs/arch/1_177.dbf'
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004
  SMON: enabling cache recovery
  ARC0: Completed archiving log 3 thread 1 sequence 177
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004
  Errors in file /oracle/admin/gzhs/udump/gzhs_ora_27781.trc:
  ORA-30012: \263\267\317\373\261\355\277\325\274\344 'UNDOTBS1' \262\273\264\346\324\332\273\362\300\340\320\315\262\273\325\375\310267
  Thu Apr 1 11:11:28 2004
  Error 30012 happened during db open, shutting down database
  USER: terminating instance due to error 30012
  Instance terminated by USER, pid = 27781
  ORA-1092 signalled during: alter database open...
  :q
  
  在警报日志末尾显示了数据库在Open状态因为错误而异常终止.
   
  2. 尝试重新启动数据库
  bash-2.03$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
  
  SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期四 4月 1 11:43:52 2004
  
  Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
  
  已连接到空闲例程。
  
  SQL> startup
  ORACLE 例程已经启动。
  
  Total System Global Area 4364148184 bytes
  Fixed Size 736728 bytes
  Variable Size 1845493760 bytes
  Database Buffers 2516582400 bytes
  Redo Buffers 1335296 bytes
  数据库装载完毕。
  ORA-01092: ORACLE 例程终止。强行断开连接工程人员报告的问题重现.
   
  3. 检查数据文件
  bash-2.03$ cd /u01/ oradata/gzhs
  bash-2.03$ ls -l
  total 55702458
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1073750016 Apr 1 11:44 UNDOTBS2.dbf
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1073750016 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_BILLINGDETAIL.dbf
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1073750016 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN.dbf
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN10.dbf
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN11.dbf
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN2.dbf
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN3.dbf
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN4.dbf
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN5.dbf
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN6.dbf
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN7.dbf
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN8.dbf
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2097160192 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MAIN9.dbf
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1073750016 Apr 1 11:44 WAP12_MVIEW.dbf
  -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1073750016 Mar 24 17:15 WAP12_TEMP1.dbf
  .........................
  
  发现存在文件UNDOTBS2.dbf
   
  4. mount数据库,检查系统参数
  bash-2.03$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
  
  SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期四 4月 1 11:46:20 2004
  
  Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
  
  已连接到空闲例程。
  
  SQL>
  SQL>
  SQL> startup mount;
  ORACLE 例程已经启动。
  
  Total System Global Area 4364148184 bytes
  Fixed Size 736728 bytes
  Variable Size 1845493760 bytes
  Database Buffers 2516582400 bytes
  Redo Buffers 1335296 bytes
  数据库装载完毕。
  SQL> select name from v$datafile;
  
  NAME
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  /u01/oradata/gzhs/system01.dbf
  /u01/oradata/gzhs/cwmlite01.dbf
  /u01/oradata/gzhs/drsys01.dbf
  /u01/oradata/gzhs/example01.dbf
  /u01/oradata/gzhs/indx01.dbf
  /u01/oradata/gzhs/odm01.dbf
  /u01/oradata/gzhs/tools01.dbf
  /u01/oradata/gzhs/users01.dbf
  /u01/oradata/gzhs/xdb01.dbf
  .........................
  /u01/oradata/gzhs/UNDOTBS2.dbf
  
  已选择23行。
  
  SQL>
  SQL> show parameter undo
  
  NAME TYPE VALUE
  ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
  undo_management string AUTO
  undo_retention integer 10800
  undo_suppress_errors boolean FALSE
  undo_tablespace string UNDOTBS1
  SQL> show parameter spfile
  
  NAME TYPE VALUE
  ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
  spfile string
  
  发现系统没有使用spfile,而初始化参数设置的undo表空间为UNDOTBS1
  
  5. 检查参数文件
  bash-2.03$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
  bash-2.03$ ls
  init.ora initgzhs.ora initgzhs.ora.old orapwgzhs
  initdw.ora initgzhs.ora.hurray lkGZHS snapcf_gzhs.f
  bash-2.03$ vi initgzhs.ora
  "initgzhs.ora" [Incomplete last line] 105 lines, 3087 characters
  ##############################################################################
  # Copyright (c) 1991, 2001, 2002 by Oracle Corporation
  ##############################################################################
  
  ###########################################
  # Archive
  ###########################################
  log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u06/oradata/gzhs/arch'
  log_archive_format=%t_%s.dbf
  log_archive_start=true
  
  ###########################################
  # Cache and I/O
  ###########################################
  db_block_size=8192
  db_cache_size=2516582400
  db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
  
  ###########################################
  # Cursors and Library Cache
  ###########################################
  open_cursors=300
  
  ......................
  
  ###########################################
  # System Managed Undo and Rollback Segments
  ###########################################
  undo_management=AUTO
  undo_retention=10800
  undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1
  
  :q!
  
  这个设置是极其可疑的. 怀疑参数文件和实际数据库设置不符.
  
  6. 再次检查alert文件
  查找对于UNDO表空间的操作
  
  第一部分,创建数据库时的信息:
  Sat Feb 7 20:30:12 2004
  CREATE DATABASE gzhs
  MAXINSTANCES 1
  MAXLOGHISTORY 1
  MAXLOGFILES 5
  MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  MAXDATAFILES 100
  DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/gzhs/system01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
  DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '/u01/oradata/gzhs/temp01.dbf' SIZE 1000M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 250M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS1" DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/gzhs/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 1000M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
  NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
  LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/oradata/gzhs/redo01.log') SIZE 256M,
  GROUP 2 ('/u01/oradata/gzhs/redo02.log') SIZE 256M,
  GROUP 3 ('/u01/oradata/gzhs/redo03.log') SIZE 256M
  
  注意,这也是OCP教材上提到的两种创建UNDO表空间的方式之一
  
  第二部分,发现创建UNDOTBS2的记录信息:
  Wed Mar 24 20:20:58 2004
  /* OracleOEM */ CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS2" DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/gzhs/UNDOTBS2.dbf' SIZE 1024M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  Wed Mar 24 20:22:37 2004
  Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU11$
  Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU12$
  Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU13$
  Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU14$
  Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU15$
  Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU16$
  Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU17$
  Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU18$
  Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU19$
  Created Undo Segment _SYSSMU20$
  Completed: /* OracleOEM */ CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS2"
  Wed Mar 24 20:24:25 2004
  Undo Segment 11 Onlined
  Undo Segment 12 Onlined
  Undo Segment 13 Onlined
  Undo Segment 14 Onlined
  Undo Segment 15 Onlined
  Undo Segment 16 Onlined
  Undo Segment 17 Onlined
  Undo Segment 18 Onlined
  Undo Segment 19 Onlined
  Undo Segment 20 Onlined
  Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 15.
  Undo Segment 1 Offlined
  Undo Segment 2 Offlined
  Undo Segment 3 Offlined
  Undo Segment 4 Offlined
  Undo Segment 5 Offlined
  Undo Segment 6 Offlined
  Undo Segment 7 Offlined
  Undo Segment 8 Offlined
  Undo Segment 9 Offlined
  Undo Segment 10 Offlined
  Undo Tablespace 1 successfully switched out.
  
  第三部分,新的UNDO表空间被应用
  Wed Mar 24 20:24:25 2004
  ALTER SYSTEM SET undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2' SCOPE=MEMORY;
  
  我们发现问题就在这里,创建了新的UNDO表空间以后,因为使用的是pfile文件,修改的只对当前实例生效,操作人员忘记了修改pfile文件.
  
  如果使用spfile,缺省的修改范围是both,会同时修改spfile文件,就可以避免以上问题的出现.
  
  第四部分,删除了UNDOTBS1的信息
  
  Wed Mar 24 20:25:01 2004
  /* OracleOEM */ DROP TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS1" INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES CASCADE CONSTRAINTS
  Wed Mar 24 20:25:03 2004
  Deleted file /u01/oradata/gzhs/undotbs01.dbf
  Completed: /* OracleOEM */ DROP TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS1" INCLUDI
  
  这样再次重新启动数据库的时候,问题出现了,pfile中定义的UNDOTBS1找不到了,而且操作实在很久以前,没人能回忆起来,甚至无法得知是什么人的操作。
  
  7. 更改pfile,启动数据库
  修改undo表空间
  
  ###########################################
  # System Managed Undo and Rollback Segments
  ###########################################
  undo_management=AUTO
  undo_retention=10800
  undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS2
  
  ....
  
  bash-2.03$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
  
  SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期四 4月 1 11:55:11 2004
  
  Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
  
  连接到:
  Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
  With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
  JServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
  
  SQL> select * from v$version;
  
  BANNER
  ----------------------------------------------------------------
  Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
  PL/SQL Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
  CORE 9.2.0.3.0 Production
  TNS for Solaris: Version 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
  NLSRTL Version 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
  
  SQL> exit
  从Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
  With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
  JServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production中断开
  bash-2.03$
  
  在这里我们可以看到,使用spfile可以免去手工修改pfile文件的麻烦,减少了犯错的可能。
  
  既然Oracle9i给我们提供了这个新特性,就值得我们学习使用它.

原文转自:http://www.ltesting.net