WIN2K+APACHE+JSP+TOMCAT配置总结

发表于:2007-07-01来源:作者:点击数: 标签:
WIN2KWIN9X+APACHE+JSP+TOMCAT运行环境的配置总结: 以下的这片文章,决无抄袭,完全是我自己的配置总结!所用到的软件可以到httpd.apache.org、jakarta.apache.org和java.sun.com下载。 如无法找到,可以告诉我,我会给出下载地址! 需要的东西: 1、一台安
WIN2K&WIN9X+APACHE+JSP+TOMCAT运行环境的配置总结:

以下的这片文章,决无抄袭,完全是我自己的配置总结!所用到的软件可以到httpd.apache.org、jakarta.apache.org和java.sun.com下载

如无法找到,可以告诉我,我会给出下载地址!

需要的东西:

1、一台安装有WIN2K系统的电脑,最好是professional的。(因为用server的话,会安装IIS5,可能会占用80端口。我们现在用apache作http服务,当然就没有必要用IIS了。)

2、java的运行环境:J2EE,我们可以使用j2sdk或j2jre,只是用jre就行。(sdk是开发环境包含运行环境,jre只是运行环境)

3、mod_jk或mod_jserv使apache与tomcat进行连接。我推荐用mod_jk,因为mod_jserv只能用于apache,而mod_jk可用于多种http服务软件。windows下mod_jk是一个dll文件。

4、tomcat,最主要支持的JSP运行的软件。

5、apache,目前最好的http服务软件。

开始安装:

1、安装jdk,我用的是jdk_sdk1.3.1.01版,比如安装到c:\jdk1.3下。之后添加jdk的环境变量。
变量名:path
变量值:c:\jdk1.3\bin
变量名:JAVA_HOME
变量值:c:\jdk1.3
变量名:CLASSPATH
变量值:.\;c:\jdk1.3\lib\dt.jar;c:\jdk1.3\lib\tools.jar;
重新启动计算机使配置的环境变量生效

环境变量的添加位置:我的电脑>属性>高级>环境变量(win2k)
         如win9x在autoexec.bat中添加
         Path=c:\jdk1.3\bin
         Set JAVA_HOME=c:\jdk1.3
         Set CLASSPATH=.\;c:\jdk1.3\lib\dt.jar;c:\jdk1.3\lib\tools.jar;


2、安装apache 1.3.27 for windows版,比如安装到c:\apache下。apache默认的主目录是c:\apache\htdocs,我们可以对它进行更改,我们编辑c:\apache/conf/httpd.conf文件,找到关于Port、DocumentRoot这两行,就可以设置当前的http服务的默认端口和主目录。其他的设置,可以自己以后摸索!

在httpd.conf中添加:

LoadModule jk_module libexec/mod_jk.dll

AddModule mod_jk.c

JkWorkersFile "c:\Tomcat 4.0\conf\worker.properties"

JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log

JkLogLevel info

JkLogStampformat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "

JkMount /*.jsp ajp13

JkMount /servlet/* ajp13

以上语句的基本意思是:

第一、二句:指定apache和tomcat连接插件的位置和名称

第三句:指出mod_jk工作所需要的工作文件的位置

第七、八句:是将所有和jsp和servlet的请求通过Apj13的协议送给Tomcat,让Tomcat来处理

3、将下载的mod_jk.dll放到安装Apache目录下的libexec下。

4、安装tomcat for windows版,这里我用tomcat 4.0.4。比如安装到c:\tomcat4.0下。

在c:\Tomcat4.0\conf目录下建一个worker.properties文件

worker.properties文件内容为:

# $Header: /home/cvs/jakarta-tomcat/src/etc/Attic/workers.properties,v 1.3.2.2 2000/10/16 01:59:22 larryi Exp $

# $Revision: 1.3.2.2 $

# $Date: 2000/10/16 01:59:22 $

#

#

# workers.properties -

#

# This file provides jk derived plugins with with the needed information to

# connect to the different tomcat workers.

#

# As a general note, the characters $( and ) are used internally to define

# macros. Do not use them in your own configuration!!!

#

# Whenever you see a set of lines such as:

# x=value

# y=$(x)something

#

# the final value for y will be valuesomething

#

# Normaly all you will need to modify is the first properties, i.e.

# workers.tomcat_home, workers.java_home and ps. Most of the configuration

# is derived from these.

#

# When you are done updating workers.tomcat_home, workers.java_home and ps

# you should have 3 workers configured:

#

# - An ajp12 worker that connects to localhost:8007

# - An ajp13 worker that connects to localhost:8009

# - A jni inprocess worker.

# - A load balancer worker

#

# However by default the plugins will only use the ajp12 worker. To have

# the plugins use other workers you should modify the worker.list property.

#

#



#

# workers.tomcat_home should point to the location where you

# installed tomcat. This is where you have your conf, webapps and lib

# directories.

#

workers.tomcat_home=c:\Tomcat 4.0





#

# workers.java_home should point to your Java installation. Normally

# you should have a bin and lib directories beneath it.

#

workers.java_home=c:\jdk1.3



#

# You should configure your environment slash... ps= on NT and / on UNIX

# and maybe something different elsewhere.

#

ps=\

# ps=/



#

#------ ADVANCED MODE ------------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#



#

#------ DEFAULT worket list ------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#

#

# The workers that your plugins should create and work with

#

worker.list=ajp12, ajp13



#

#------ DEFAULT ajp12 WORKER DEFINITION ------------------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#



#

# Defining a worker named ajp12 and of type ajp12

# Note that the name and the type do not have to match.

#

worker.ajp12.port=8007

worker.ajp12.host=localhost

worker.ajp12.type=ajp12

#

# Specifies the load balance factor when used with

# a load balancing worker.

# Note:

# ----> lbfactor must be > 0

# ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.

worker.ajp12.lbfactor=1



#

#------ DEFAULT ajp13 WORKER DEFINITION ------------------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#



#

# Defining a worker named ajp13 and of type ajp13

# Note that the name and the type do not have to match.

#

worker.ajp13.port=8009

worker.ajp13.host=localhost

worker.ajp13.type=ajp13

#

# Specifies the load balance factor when used with

# a load balancing worker.

# Note:

# ----> lbfactor must be > 0

# ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.

worker.ajp13.lbfactor=1



#

# Specify the size of the open connection cache.

#worker.ajp13.cachesize



#

#------ DEFAULT LOAD BALANCER WORKER DEFINITION ----------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#



#

# The loadbalancer (type lb) workers perform wighted round-robin

# load balancing with sticky sessions.

# Note:

# ----> If a worker dies, the load balancer will check its state

# once in a while. Until then all work is redirected to peer

# workers.

worker.loadbalancer.type=lb

worker.loadbalancer.balanced_workers=ajp12, ajp13





#

#------ DEFAULT JNI WORKER DEFINITION---------------------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#



#

# Defining a worker named inprocess and of type jni

# Note that the name and the type do not have to match.

#

worker.inprocess.type=jni



#

#------ CLASSPATH DEFINITION -----------------------------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#



#

# Additional class path components.

#

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)classes



#

# The XML parser provided with Tomcat

#

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)jaxp.jar

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)parser.jar



#

# Tomcat`s implementation

#

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)jasper.jar

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)servlet.jar

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)webserver.jar



#

# Javac as available from Java2SE

#

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.java_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)tools.jar



#

# Setting the command line for tomcat

# Note: The cmd_line string may not contain spaces.

#

worker.inprocess.cmd_line=-config

worker.inprocess.cmd_line=$(workers.tomcat_home)/conf/jni_server.xml

worker.inprocess.cmd_line=-home

worker.inprocess.cmd_line=$(workers.tomcat_home)



#

# The JVM that we are about to use

#

# This is for Java2

#

worker.inprocess.jvm_lib=$(workers.java_home)$(ps)jre$(ps)bin$(ps)classic$(ps)jvm.dll



#

# And this is for jdk1.1.X

#

#worker.inprocess.jvm_lib=$(workers.java_home)$(ps)bin$(ps)javai.dll

#



#

# Setting the place for the stdout and stderr of tomcat

#

worker.inprocess.stdout=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)inprocess.stdout

worker.inprocess.stderr=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)inprocess.stderr



#

# Setting the tomcat.home Java property

#

worker.inprocess.sysprops=tomcat.home=$(workers.tomcat_home)



#

# Java system properties

#

# worker.inprocess.sysprops=java.compiler=NONE

# worker.inprocess.sysprops=myprop=mypropvalue



#

# Additional path components.

#

# worker.inprocess.ld_path=d:$(ps)SQLLIB$(ps)bin

#

在这个文件中需要修改两个地方,一个是workers.tomcat_home,这是指定Tomcat工作的目录,另外一个是workers.java_home,这是指定Jdk的目录,大家可以做适当修改!

再配置TOMCAT核心文件,打开 c:\Tomcat4.0\conf\server.xml

修改如下:

将<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->

<!--

<Connector className="org.apache.ajp.tomcat4.Ajp13Connector"

port="8009" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"

acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>

-->

的<!-- --> 去掉,这句话熟悉XML的人都知道它是注释,因为默认的Tomcat4

是没有启用Apj13的8009的端口即mod_jk所使用,修改后如下:

<Connector className="org.apache.ajp.tomcat4.Ajp13Connector"

port="8009" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"

acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>

然后保存,现在你的配置基本完成了。重新启动计算机,开始整体测试。


5、测试:

首先,启动Apache,然后在浏览器里输入http://localhost,如果能看
到Apache的欢迎页面,那么恭喜您,第一步成功了。

然后,运行startup.bat启动Tomcat,再打开浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/
如果看到可爱的Tomcat,那么恭喜您,Tomcat也没有问题。

最后最重要的是Apache下可以解释jsp和Servlet,把下面的代码copy到文本编辑器中命名为

rosealet.jsp,

内容如下:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=gb2312"%>

<html>

<body>

<%String str="rosealet studio.";%>

<%str=str+"welcome";%>

<%=str%>

</body>

</html>

将它保存到C:\Tomcat 4.0\webapps\ROOT下,然后在浏览器里输入

http://localhost/rosealet.jsp如果看到了rosealet,那么您的确成功了。



我再阐述一个问题:

对于APACHE主机下访问的JSP文件,实际上物理上不存在与APACHE的主机上,而是存在TOMCAT的主机目录里,例如:

http://localhost/rosealet.jsp 中rosealet.jsp文件实际不在 c:\apache\htdocs\下,而在C:\Tomcat 4.0\webapps\ROOT 下。这点请注意,不要混淆概念!


转自http://www.oxbbs.net/cgi-bin/forums.cgi?forum=38,原作者rosealet



 --生活,是时尚,是艺术-- 
--TheStudioPlus--


补充日期: 2003-05-21 12:30:00

再谈apache+tomcat,对以前文章的补充

这是对以前我的那篇"WIN2K+APACHE+JSP+TOMCAT配置总结"的补充。

一、配置环境变量:

1、以前我们配置的环境变量:

变量名:path
变量值:c:\jdk1.3\bin

变量名:JAVA_HOME
变量值:c:\jdk1.3

变量名:CLASSPATH
变量值:.\;c:\jdk1.3\lib\dt.jar;c:\jdk1.3\lib\tools.jar

2、现在我们也可以配置为:

变量名:JAVA_HOME
变量值:C:\jdk1.3   //若你没按以上路径安装请更改为正确的路径

变量名:TOMCAT_HOME
变量值:C:\Tomcat4   //若你没按以上路径安装请更改为正确的路径

变量名:CLASSPATH
变量值:%JAVA_HOME%\lib;%TOMCAT_HOME%\lib;%JAVA_HOME%\jre\bin

变量名:path
变量值:c:\jdk1.3\bin;c:\jdk1.3\jre\bin;


二、更改tomcat运行测试目录:

假设你已有一个项目在e:\rosealet目录下,包含index.jsp及其它jsp文件和bean,如WEB-INF\classes\下的
servlet、javabean。

1.设置Tomcat以支持你的项目目录,打开C:\Tomcat4\conf\server.xml文件,在"</Context>"-"</Host>"添加
<Context path="/rosealet" debug="0" docBase="e:\rosealet" reloadable="true"/>并保存。

说明:Context (表示一个web应用程序);docBase定义本地路径;path 表示此web路径的url,
   reloadable 这个属性非常重要,如果为true,则tomcat会自动检测应用程序的/WEB-INF/lib
   和/WEB-INF/classes目录的变化,自动装载修改或新的bean及servlet,我们可以在不重起tomcat
   的情况下看到bean带给jsp的变化。

   这样请求的url:http://localhost/rosealet
  
2.启动Tomcat,在浏览器的地址中输入http://localhost/rosealet,如你的jsp及bean,servlet没有错误,
一般会将你的index.jsp/index.html文件的


三、Apache与Tomcat综合配置和配置:

若Apache与Tomcat正运行着,请关闭它们。

(1)配置Apache:

   1.将下载的mod_jk.dll复制到c:\apache\modules或c:\apache\libexec 下。(无论复制到什么位置,
    httpd.conf中是可以指定相应的位置的)

   2.设置主页文件类型:

    编辑C:\Apache\conf下的httpd.conf,在"DirectoryIndex"一行,index.html的后面也可以添加
    index.jsp并保存,注意相互之间应有空格。

   3.设置:

    apache中添加格式:
    <VirtualHost>
     ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
     DocumentRoot /www/docs/dummy-host.example.com
     ServerName dummy-host.example.com
     ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log
     CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common
    </VirtualHost>
   
    让Apache自动控制html与jsp的解析
    编辑httpd.conf,在最后加入下面这段代码。

    <VirtualHost localhost>            //localhost为本机,你可用本机ip
     ServerAdmin admin@rosealet.com         //你的mail地址
     DocumentRoot e:\rosealet          //你的项目根目录,因为rosealet下可能有其他目路,因此设为e:\rosealet
     ServerName localhost            //你的服务名,若你的机器有域名,设为域名,现用本机作测试
     ErrorLog logs/rosealet_home_log.txt      //错误日志,在C:\Apache\logs下,可用其它任意名字
     CustomLog logs/rosealet_Custom_log.txt common //访问日志,在C:\Apache\logs下,可用其它任意名字
    </VirtualHost>


   4.设置Apache与Tomcat之间的连接:

    让Apache遇到jsp文件时,在后台将其交由Tomcat去处理。

    编辑httpd.conf,在最后加入下面这段代码。

    # Using mod_jk.dll to redirect dynamic calls to Tomcat

     LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.dll       //装载模块,用于处理连接,如mod_jk放在libexec应些为:LoadModule jk_module libexec/mod_jk.dll

     AddModule mod_jk.c                 //使用mod_jk.c的module,此行可删除

     JkWorkersFile "c:/tomcat4/conf/workers.properties" //设置模块的工作文件

     JkLogFile "/logs/mod_jk.log"            //设置模块工作的日志文件,Tocmat启动时会自建

     JkLogLevel info                   //设置日志文件的等级,此行可删除

     JkLogStampformat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "     //设置日志文件的格式,此行可删除

     JkMount /servlet/* ajp13             //让Apache支持对servlet传送,用以Tomcat解析

     JkMount /*.jsp ajp13               //让Apache支持对jsp传送,用以Tomcat解析


   到此Apache的配置基本完成,不过这时启动Apache还不能正常工作。


(2)配置Tomcat:

   在C:\Tomcat\conf下新建文件workers.properties,以前我们曾经建立过,它的内容非常多
   但我们可以把它精简后如下:
   workers.tomcat_home=c:\Tomcat4
   workers.java_home=c:\jdk1.3
   ps=\
   worker.list=ajp12, ajp13
   worker.ajp12.port=8007
   worker.ajp12.host=localhost
   worker.ajp12.type=ajp12
   worker.ajp12.lbfactor=1
   worker.ajp13.port=8009
   worker.ajp13.host=localhost
   worker.ajp13.type=ajp13
   worker.ajp13.lbfactor=1
   worker.loadbalancer.type=lb
   worker.loadbalancer.balanced_workers=ajp12, ajp13
   worker.inprocess.type=jni
   worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)classes
   worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)jaxp.jar
   worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)parser.jar
   worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)jasper.jar
   worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)servlet.jar
   worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)webserver.jar
   worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.java_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)tools.jar
   worker.inprocess.cmd_line=-config
   worker.inprocess.cmd_line=$(workers.tomcat_home)/conf/jni_server.xml
   worker.inprocess.cmd_line=-home
   worker.inprocess.cmd_line=$(workers.tomcat_home)
   worker.inprocess.jvm_lib=$(workers.java_home)$(ps)jre$(ps)bin$(ps)classic$(ps)jvm.dll
   worker.inprocess.stdout=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)inprocess.stdout
   worker.inprocess.stderr=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)inprocess.stderr
   worker.inprocess.sysprops=tomcat.home=$(workers.tomcat_home)


我们还可以更加精简,因我们只用ajp13其内容如下:
        workers.tomcat_home=c:\Tomcat4   //让mod_jk模块知道Tomcat
        workers.java_home=c:\jdk1.3    //让mod_jk模块知道j2sdk
        ps=\
        worker.list=ajp13          //模块版本,现有ajp14了,不要修改
        worker.ajp13.port=8009       //工作端口,若没占用则不用修改
        worker.ajp13.host=localhost    //本机,若上面的Apache主机不为localhost,作相应修改
        worker.ajp13.type=ajp13      //类型
        worker.ajp13.lbfactor=1      //代理数,不用修改


   2.编辑server.xml文件:

    让tomcat打开ajp13端口8009
  
    找到:
    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <!--
    <Connector className="org.apache.ajp.tomcat4.Ajp13Connector" port="8009" minProcessors="5"
    maxProcessors="75" acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>
    -->

    更改为:
    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector className="org.apache.ajp.tomcat4.Ajp13Connector" port="8009" minProcessors="5"
    maxProcessors="75" acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>

四、测试:
  1.启动Apache,Tomcat。
  2.打开你的浏览器,在地址栏中输入http://localhost:8080/rosealet ,若与上面的测试相同,
   则Tomcat重新配置后正常!
  3.在地址栏中输入http://localhost/rosealet ,若与http://localhost:8080/rosealet的结果相同,
   那恭喜你,Apache与Tomcat整合成功了!




五、下的配置、管理和应用:

下面以一个例子来说明如何同时使用Apache与Tomcat

host1的目录结构如下所示:
/www
   |---host1 host1的主目录
   | |--htdocs 普通根目录:用于显示静态页面或php程序
   | |----logs apache访问日志
   | |----webapps java应用目录(新加,与tomcat的webapps目录无任何关联)
   | |--ROOT jsp根目录:用于显示jsp页面程序
   | |----kim 一套java应用实例
   |---host2 host2的主目录
  ............


要让host1能同时使用Apache与Tomcat4,需要做如下配置:

  1、编辑tomcat的配置文件server.xml,在最后的部分找到:

  < !-- Define an Apache-Connector Service -- >

  <!--
  < Service name="Tomcat-Apache" >

  < Connector className="org.apache.catalina.connector.warp.WarpConnector"
  port="8008" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
  enableLookups="true" appBase="webapps"
  acceptCount="10" debug="0"/ >

  < Engine className="org.apache.catalina.connector.warp.WarpEngine"
  name="Apache" debug="0" >

  < Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger"
  prefix="apache_log." suffix=".txt"
  timestamp="true"/ >

  < Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.MemoryRealm" / >
  -- >

  修改为:

  < !-- Define an Apache-Connector Service -- >

  < Service name="Tomcat-Apache" >

  < Connector className="org.apache.catalina.connector.warp.WarpConnector"
  port="8008" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
  enableLookups="true" appBase="webapps"
  acceptCount="10" debug="0"/ >

  < Engine className="org.apache.catalina.connector.warp.WarpEngine"
  name="Apache" debug="0" >

  < Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger"
  prefix="apache_log." suffix=".txt"
  timestamp="true"/ >
< !-- 下面是新加的内容 -- >
  < Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.MemoryRealm" / >

  < Host name="host1.rosealet.com" debug="0" appBase="/www/host1/webapps"
  uppackWars="true" autoDeploy="true" >            //定义host1的主目录

  < Context path="" docBase="ROOT" debug="0"/ >        //定义jsp根目录

< !-- 下面套用的是tomcat自带的管理页面,在下也可使用 -- >
  < Context path="/manager" debug="0" privileged="true"
  docBase="../server/webapps/manager"/ >            //"../server/webapps/manager"指定到tomcat安装目录

  <Context path="/admin" docBase="../server/webapps/admin"
  debug="0" privileged="true">                 //"../server/webapps/manager"指定到tomcat安装目录

  < Context path="/kim" docBase="kim" debug="0"
  reloadable="true" crossContext="true"/ >          //在/kim下定义java应用实例

  < Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger"
  prefix="host1_log." suffix=".txt"
  timestamp="true"/ >
  < /Host >

< !-- 新加内容结束 -- >

< /Engine >

  < /Service >

 2、编辑tomcat的管理权限文件tomcat-users.xml,在中间加一行:


< user username="name" password="passwd" roles="standard,manager"/ >  //name、passwd可自定义


  3、编辑apache的配置文件,httpd.conf做如下修改:


  < VirtualHost xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx >
   ServerName host1.rosealet.com
   ServerAdmin host1@rosealet.com
   DocumentRoot /www/host1/htdocs
   ErrorLog /www/host1/logs/error_log
   CustomLog /www/host1/logs/access_log common

   WebAppDeploy ROOT warpConnection /
  < /VirtualHost >
  // 注:此行的作用是把ROOT目录作为URL的根,并使前面定义的根htdocs失效。
   但如果不想整个都使用jsp页面程序,而想使用大量静态页面或php程序的话,
   就要使用下面这行,并把所有的静态页面和php程序放在htdocs目录下。
  // WebAppDeploy ROOT warpConnection /jsp

   WebAppDeploy manager warpConnection /manager

   WebAppDeploy jive warpConnection /kim
  // 在server.xml里每定义一个都要在这里加一条WebAppDeploy。

  

以后访问http://host1.rosealet.com/manager/或http://host1.rosealet.com/admin/ 会提示输入密码,
  在输入正确的 name和passwd后,就会看到“Tomcat Web Application Manager”的页面,里面的
  Application Path已经是里配置的信息了,并可以对其进行管理。

到此下的配置和管理就全部完成,剩下的事情就是测试和应用了。



原文转自:http://www.ltesting.net