第一步：生成密匙对，我用的是rsa的密钥。使用命令 "ssh-keygen -t rsa"
代码:
[user1@rh user1]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user1/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/user1/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/user1/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/user1/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
e0:f0:3b:d3:0a:3d:da:42:01:6a:61:2f:6c:a0:c6:e7 [email protected]
[user1@rh user1]$
生成的过程中提示输入密钥对保存位置，直接回车，接受默认值就行了。接着会提示输入一个不同于你的password的密码，直接回车，让它空着。当然，也可以输入一个。(我比较懒，不想每次都要输入密码。) 这样，密钥对就生成完了。
其中公共密钥保存在 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub私有密钥保存在 ~/.ssh/id_rsa
然后改一下 .ssh 目录的权限，使用命令 "chmod 755 ~/.ssh"
代码:
[user1@rh user1]$ chmod 755 ~/.ssh
[user1@rh user1]$
之后把这个密钥对中的公共密钥复制到你要访问的机器上去，并保存为~/.ssh/authorized_keys.
代码:
[user1@rh user1]$ scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub rh1:/home/user1/.ssh/authorized_keys
user1@rh1's password:
id_rsa.pub 100% 228 3.2MB/s 00:00
[user1@rh user1]$
之这样就大功告成了。之后你再用ssh scp sftp 之类的访问那台机器时，就不用输入密码了，用在script上更是方便。
延伸阅读
文章来源于领测软件测试网 https://www.ltesting.net/
